They are used as timing references or 'clock signals', because their fast transitions are suitable for triggering synchronous logic circuits at precisely determined intervals. Square waves are universally encountered in digital switching circuits and are naturally generated by binary (two-level) logic devices. Its stochastic counterpart is a two-state trajectory. Square waves are often encountered in electronics and signal processing. A true square wave has a 50% duty cycle (equal high and low periods). The ratio of the high period to the total period of a pulse wave is called the duty cycle.
The square wave is a special case of a pulse wave which allows arbitrary durations at minimum and maximum.
Although not realizable in physical systems, the transition between minimum and maximum is instantaneous for an ideal square wave. Sine, square, triangle, and sawtooth waveformsĪ square wave is a non-sinusoidal periodic waveform in which the amplitude alternates at a steady frequency between fixed minimum and maximum values, with the same duration at minimum and maximum.
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